Roadside Vegetation Establishment and Management Manual

• Complete Manual
• For users on slower connections, we offer four segmented downloads.
  • 1 - The Covers
  • 2 - Pages 2-71
  • 3 - Pages 72-156
• Covers
• Acknowledgements
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
  • DelDOT Roadside Vegetation Policy
  • Purpose of the Establishment and Management Manual
  • Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Program
  • Environmental Stewardship and Public Perception
  • Audience
  • Goals and Objectives
• Establishing Vegetation
  • Establishing Vegetation Introduction
  • Site Conditions
    • Roadway limitations
    • Soil and water conditions
      • Soil compaction
      • Soil pH
      • Lack of topsoil
      • Erosion control
      • Contamination
      • Drainage issues
  • Site Preparation
    • Conserving indigenous plant communities
      • Plant community inventory
      • Weed control in plant communities
      • Selective removal of vegetation
    • Removing undesirable vegetation
      • Removal strategies
      • Removal methods
    • Soil preparation
      • Grading
      • Topsoil
      • Soil amendment/nutrition
      • Tillage
      • Site preparation equipment
    • Case study examples of site preparation
  • Establishment Using Seed
    • Seed characteristics
      • Purity
      • Inert matter
      • Weed seeds
      • Other crop seed
      • Germination
      • Pure live seed (PLS)
      • Variety
      • Cleaned seed
      • Certified seed
      • Provenance
      • Seed dormancy
      • DelDOT standard specifications
    • Vegetation types established by seed
      • Temporary cover
      • Regularly mowed turf
      • Low growing turf
      • Grass meadows
      • Mixed grass and forb meadows
    • Methods of seeding
      • Broadcast seeding
      • Hydroseeding
      • Drill seeding
      • Topdressing
  • Establishment Using Vegetative Material
    • Types of vegetative material
      • Sod
      • Plugs
      • Bare-root plants
      • Container-grown plants
      • Balled and burlapped plants
    • Methods of planting
      • Sodding
      • Plugging
      • Bare-root planting
      • Container-grown planting
      • Balled and burlapped planting
      • Tree spading
    • Plant acquisition
      • Inspection
      • Contract growing
  • Mulching
    • Seeded sites
      • Straw mulching
      • Cereal grain straw
      • Salt hay mulch
      • Bonded fiber matrix
      • Soil retention blanket mulches
    • Landscape beds
  • Irrigation
  • Design and Stakeout of Landscape Planting Projects
  • Replacement
• Managing Vegetation
  • IRVM Objectives
  • Roadside Features
    • Guardrails
    • Medians
    • Roadsides
    • Beds
    • Stormwater best management practices
    • Stormwater mitigation sites
  • Design Approaches
    • Regional
    • Regional-ornamental
    • Fully ornamental
  • Vegetation Reduction Techniques
    • Discontinued mowing or release
    • Editing
    • Cutting back
    • Mowing
      • Routine mowing
      • Periodic mowing
      • Equipment
  • Pruning
    • Reasons for pruning
    • Pruning tools
    • Pruning techniques
      • Natural target pruning
      • Pruning sequence
      • Pruning timing
      • Complete removal
      • Cutback
  • Trash Accumulation
  • Weeds
    • Weed classification
      • Plant type
      • Life cycle
  • Weed Control
    • Control methods
      • Cultural
      • Biological
      • Mechanical
      • Chemical
    • Herbicide safety
    • Herbicide use
    • Herbicide mode of action
      • Contact herbicides
      • Systemic herbicides
    • Herbicide selectivity
      • Nonselective herbicides
      • Selective herbicides
        • Plant factors
        • Application factors
        • Environmental factors
    • Herbicide formulations
      • Liquids or aqueous suspensions
      • Emulsifiable concentrates
      • Solutions
      • Liquefied gases
      • Wettable powders
      • Water dispersible granules and dry flowables
      • Soluble powders
      • Granules
    • Application equipment
      • Conventional sprayers
      • Backpack sprayers
      • Rope-wick applicators
      • Controlled droplet applications
      • Granular spreaders
        • Gravitational drop spreaders
        • Mechanically fed drop spreaders
        • Centrifugal or rotary spreaders
      • Equipment calibration
      • Cleaning and care of equipment
    • Calculating application rates
    • Additional application methods
      • Stem cutting
      • Basal bark treatment
      • Bare ground vegetation control
    • Spray drift control
    • Specific recommendations
      • Invasive woody plants
      • Meadows
      • Stormwater ponds
      • Wetland mitigation sites
    • Sensitive areas
    • Product policies
  • Fertilization
    • Turf
    • Trees and shrubs
    • Lime
  • Problems
    • Insect and disease
    • Cultural problems
      • Compaction
      • Excess mulch
      • Trunk, bark, branch and root damage
      • Supports, wire, twine and tree wrap
      • Salt damage
      • Soil grade changes
    • Diagnosing problems
      • Root flare
      • Crown dieback
      • Abnormal leaf size
      • Trunk scars
      • Yellow foliage
  • Record Keeping
    • DelDOT forms
  • Inventories
    • Guardrails
    • Existing stormwater system
    • Noxious and invasive weeds
  • Training Program
• Glossary
• Literature Cited
• Appendix A - Herbicides How-to Information
• Appendix B - Pesticide Application Daily Report Form
• Appendix C - Selected Weed Species Control Recommendations
• Appendix D - SOPs from DelDOT - handling spills; calibration; spray mixes
• Appendix E - Structural Soil
• Appendix F - Modular Paving
• Appendix G - Herbicides Approved for Use on DelDOT Rights of Way
• Appendix H - References